A sensitive electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for the detection of CA15-3 based on CeO2/Pt/rGO as a novel co-reaction accelerator

Abstract

In this work, we successfully constructed a label-free electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for the detection of breast cancer marker antigen (CA15-3). In particular, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid (PTCA) is cleverly attached to the surface of silica spheres as a luminophore (NH2-SiO2-PTCA), which greatly alleviates the disadvantage of PTCA anti-induced aggregated luminescence and improves the ECL performance. Furthermore, Pt nanoparticles were used to dope CeO2 and introducing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to prepare CeO2/Pt/rGO composites as a novel co-reaction accelerator. Among them, Pt nanoparticles were used to improve the electrical conductivity of CeO2, and the use of rGO as a substrate allows for a more uniform dispersion of CeO2 to increase the catalytic surface area, which effectively improves the performance of the co-reaction accelerator and thus increasing the ECL intensity of the PTCA/S2O82− system. Under the optimal conditions, the designed ECL immunosensor showed satisfactory results in the determination of CA15-3 with a linear range of 12.00 mU mL−1 - 120.00 U mL−1 and a low detection limit of 1.348 mU mL−1. Importantly, the resulting biosensor has good stability, high sensitivity and reliable reproducibility, suggesting its potential application in clinical research.