Abstract
BackgroundAntibodies to non-pathogenic rabbit caliciviruses (RCVs) cross-react in serological tests for rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) and vice versa, making epidemiological studies very difficult where both viruses occur. It is important to understand the distribution and interaction of the two viruses because the highly pathogenic RHDV has been used as a biocontrol agent for wild rabbits in Australia and New Zealand for the past 17 years. The presence of the benign RCV Australia 1 (RCV-A1) is considered a key factor for the failure of RHDV mediated rabbit control in cooler, wetter areas of Australia.ResultsA highly sensitive and specific blocking ELISA was developed for the detection of RCV-A1 antibodies. When sera from rabbits with a known infection history for either RCV-A1 or RHDV were tested, this assay showed 100% sensitivity and no cross-reactivity with RHDV sera (100% specificity).ConclusionsThis new ELISA not only allows the detection of RCV-A1 at a population level, but also permits the serological status of individual rabbits to be determined more reliably than previously described methods. This robust and simple to perform assay is therefore the tool of choice for studying RCV-A1 epidemiology in Australian wild rabbit populations.
Highlights
Antibodies to non-pathogenic rabbit caliciviruses (RCVs) cross-react in serological tests for rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) and vice versa, making epidemiological studies very difficult where both viruses occur
A highly sensitive and specific blocking Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) was developed for the detection of RCV Australia 1 (RCV-A1) antibodies
100% sensitivity and no cross-reactivity with RHDV sera (100% specificity). This new ELISA allows the detection of RCV-A1 at a population level, and permits the serological status of individual rabbits to be determined more reliably than previously described methods
Summary
Antibodies to non-pathogenic rabbit caliciviruses (RCVs) cross-react in serological tests for rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) and vice versa, making epidemiological studies very difficult where both viruses occur. It is important to understand the distribution and interaction of the two viruses because the highly pathogenic RHDV has been used as a biocontrol agent for wild rabbits in Australia and New Zealand for the past years. The non-pathogenic RCVs are of great interest because they are believed to induce cross-protection to the closely related but highly pathogenic RHDV that is used as a biocontrol agent for wild rabbits in Australia and. The known distribution of a benign calicivirus, RCV-A1, isolated from Australian wild rabbits has so far been consistent with areas where RHDV is less effective [13,14]. In Europe, the situation is reversed as rabbits are considered an important part of local ecosystems [16], and the attractive potential of using non-pathogenic
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