Abstract
Wide Area Protection System (WAPS) undertakes the important task of maintaining system reliability and stability when the power system is subject to abnormal or predetermined unstable conditions. The existing WAPS adopts a centralized mechanism to record and audit communication messages, which faces the risk of excessive authority and tampering with communication records and audit logs, thus making it impossible to achieve true transparency and fairness. Due to the involvement of multiple parties and equipment maintained by different manufacturers in the communication of WAPS, there are difficulties in tracing the cause of the accident and determining the at-fault party following misoperations and miss trips. To address this issue, we propose a semi-centralized blockchain system with multi-chain for auditing communications of WAPS. We first propose a semi-centralized system architecture according to the system architecture and management requirements of WAPS. Then, we utilize the blockchain network as a self-recording channel to achieve tamper-proof and non-repudiation verification interaction. We also design a multi-chain structure and classification node mechanism to meet the communication auditing requirements of multiple WAPS. We have designed a new block structure that conforms to the communication protocol of WAPS. To reduce the storage burden caused by the ever-expanding blockchain ledger, we propose a deletable blockchain scheme while maintaining the integrity and security of blockchain. Analysis and experiments show that the proposed blockchain system can support the secure, transparent, tamper-proof and traceable communication recording and auditing of WAPS along with high performance.
Highlights
With the scale and operation complexity of power grid ever-increasing, the power system is vulnerable and subject to system wide disturbance, which may cause the power system to collapse in un-planned emergency conditions [1]
We redesign the block header and block body of the blockchain structure, and transform the communication records and audit logs into a blockchain-compatible data structure for storage
In order reduce the storage burden caused by the ever-expanding blockchain ledger, we extend the block structure by adding a MerkleRootCopy field in the block header to store a copy of the MerkleRoot of the original block data
Summary
With the scale and operation complexity of power grid ever-increasing, the power system is vulnerable and subject to system wide disturbance, which may cause the power system to collapse in un-planned emergency conditions [1]. Wide Area Protection System (WAPS) [2], known as System Protection Scheme (SPS) [3], Remedial Action Scheme (RAS) [4] and Security and Stability Control System (SSCS) [5] in China, is developed to address this issue. It is very important for WAPS to record and audit these communication messages
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