A self-powered strain sensor utilizing hydrogel-nanosheet composites, Zn foil, and silver-coated nylon

Abstract

Self-powered strain sensing, using a combination of nanosheets and hydrogel, shows tremendous potential in the context of wearable electronic applications. However, achieving the desired multifunctionality of conductive nanosheets within the hydrogel material remains a significant challenge. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying physics mechanisms of the ionically conductive polymer battery and the various factors that influence its voltage output. In this study, we introduce a self-powered strain sensor that utilizes a combination of hydrogel, Zn foil, and silver-coated Nylon to create a Zinc-air battery. The hydrogel, composed of PAAm-PVA-GO, exhibits remarkable properties such as high elasticity(∼1000 %), adhesion(∼15kPa), and improved sensitivity to strains(0.58, 2.44). The hydrogel’s strong bonding behavior is due to the abundant hydroxyl groups generated by the redox activity. The strain-induced voltage output, as determined through experimental evaluation, demonstrates excellent repeatability(1000 cycles of 100 %). Additionally, we examine the impact of temperature and usage time on the output voltage. To gain further insight into the sensor’s electrical potential, we develop a simulation model based on the multiphysics framework, which aligns closely with the experimental findings. To demonstrate its practical application, we successfully apply this self-powered strain sensor for monitoring joint bending and throat movement.