A Self-Ion Exchange of Na0.53 MnO2+ Cathode for Li+/Na+ Hybrid Ion Battery

Abstract

P2-structure sodium manganese oxide is synthesized by a simple reduction reaction. The low-cost electrodes of lithium / sodium hybrid ion batteries after the ion exchange process provide new data on the direct use of sodium manganese oxide instead of lithium analogue. As observed by X-ray diffraction analysis, ion exchange occurs in sodium manganese oxide through electrolytes during cell stabilization. Its own ion exchange material has a high discharge capacity of 195 mA h g-1and a stable plateau at 3.0 V for 50 cycles. In-situ X-ray diffraction and ex-situ X-ray absorption close to edge structure studies confirm reversible oxidation reduction reactions and stable structural changes. ex-situ induced coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy confirms that residual sodium ions act as pillars during cycling in the structure.