A self-embedding secure fragile watermarking scheme with high quality recovery

Abstract

In recent years, with the development of cloud storage, more and more people upload images to the cloud for storage. However, confidentiality and integrity issues may arise during transmission and storage to the cloud. Aiming at these security problems, a fragile watermarking scheme based on the encrypted domain is proposed. A watermark is divided into two types, one is for detection, the other is for recovery. After embedding the two types of watermarks into the host image, the watermarked image will be transferred to the cloud for storage. A three-level tamper detection mechanism is used in the detection process, and the first-level tamper detection can be processed in the cloud. While in recovery process, a mechanism of “block-level detection, pixel-level recovery” is proposed to recover the tampered area. The experimental results show that the watermarked image has greatly changed the original image and guarantees the confidentiality. The three-level tamper detection mechanism can accurately detect the tampered area, the image can be effectively restored in different situations, when the tampering rate is as high as 80%, the average PSNR reaches 34.62 dB, and the average SSIM is higher than 0.93.