Abstract
An innovative approach of selective encryption for color images is proposed that utilizes SHA-512 hash of plain image to modify initial conditions and control parameters of 1-Dimensional (1D) chaotic maps. The three channels (red, green and blue) of a color image are combined into 1D array and permute using sorted index of a pseudo-random sequence. The 1D permuted array is split into three sub-arrays, DNA encoding is applied on every pixel of each channel chaotically and then separate each DNA encoded channel into its Least Significant Bits (LSB) and Most Significant Bits (MSB). The substitution is carried out in two phases using addition and exclusive-or operations on MSB of each channel only. In 1 st phase, the DNA addition operation is applied on chaotically selected MSB of a pixel of one channel to LSB part of a pixel of other channel in a twisted fashioned named cross-substitution. The translated DNA bases from pseudo-random numbers are exclusive-or with cross substituted output to surge the complexity. The second substitution phase is accomplished by combining MSB part of a channel with randomly selecting LSB at pixel level. The novel algorithm is highly suitable for real time applications as it requires single round of permutation/substitution which can resist all possible statistical and differential attacks. The simulation results and analysis show that the proposed technique has the best quality output and highly efficient.
Highlights
With modern times, communications technologies and methods are changing with an enormous pace, the momentum has seen advancements in computing, physical networks and software protocols
The color channels have gone through linear transformation and set of primitive initial seeds are μ1 = 9.84098765432101, μ2 = 8.85123456789011, μ3 = 7.75123409876541, μ4 = 2.64098765712341, w0 = 0.01234567890123, x0 = 0.99876543210983, y0 = 0.45678902630000 and z0 = 0.12345609330000, common parameter k1 = 14, k2 = 15, k3 = 16 and k4 = 14 for the generation of four pseudorandom sequences through 1D chaotic maps
A selective cross substitution method for color image encryption is proposed based on 1D chaotic maps, DNA complementary rules and SHA-512 function
Summary
Communications technologies and methods are changing with an enormous pace, the momentum has seen advancements in computing, physical networks and software protocols. Rehman et al.: Selective Cross-Substitution Technique for Encrypting Color Images Using Chaos, DNA Rules, and SHA-512. In 2011, Liu and Wang [9] proposed an image encryption technique based on the permutation of transformed binary matrix from color image at bit-level by piecewise linear chaotic map (PWLCM). Liu et al recreated the parallel key by using known partial values of plain or cipher and cracked a crypto scheme built upon DNA sequencing with the help of differential attack [33]. The initial conditions and control parameters of 1D chaotic maps are fabricated using SHA-512 of plain image to change the secret keys with a change in the plain image; without any intervention from the user This modification benefits the system to hinder the common attacks.
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