Abstract
The paper discusses a selection of the most popular systems classifying weather types found in climatological literature. The review focuses on the choice of meteorological elements and their value ranges as the differentiating criteria. Examples of the application of some of these systems are presented, as well as a number of possible analyses that could be attempted. In order to investigate this, use was made of 1961–2010 meteorological data from stations in Warsaw (Poland) and Cologne (Germany). It was found that the annual and long-term changes in the types of weather reflect the diversity and variability of the climate in both cities very well, and allow the stability (non-changeability) of weather to be quantified.
Highlights
Any in-depth study of climatic conditions essentially requires an analysis of the frequency of occurrence of various weather situations, or types, and of their seasonal variations (Błażejczyk 1979)
The data for Warsaw was provided by the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management-the National Research Institute, and that for Cologne was obtained from the European Climate Assessment & Dataset (ECA&D) (Klein Tank et al 2002)
Weather type classification systems can be used in detailed studies of weather conditions, and as basic information on climate variations during any period
Summary
Any in-depth study of climatic conditions essentially requires an analysis of the frequency of occurrence of various weather situations, or types, and of their seasonal variations (Błażejczyk 1979). The initial version of this classification was later modified on numerous occasions, and since 1949 in literature it has most frequently been referred to as the Fedorov-Chubukov classification (Kozłowska-Szczęsna 1965) It identifies eight weather types each in the warm and cold seasons of the year on the basis of air temperature, cloud cover, relative humidity, precipitation and wind. The author’s most recent classification, i.e. the biothermalmeteorological classification of weather, may be used for a detailed characterization of weather conditions, and as basic information about the recreation potential of any area and/or period (day, month, season, year) In his classification, Błażejczyk (2004) took into account 7 types, 27 subtypes and 8 weather classes, relying on values of the thermal sensations, intensity of radiation stimuli, physiological strain, sultriness, daily amplitude of temperature, precipitation and snow cover (Błażejczyk and Matzarakis 2007). The other aim was to compare seasonal and multiannual fluctuations of weather conditions in 2 stations representing slightly different climate patterns: Warsaw (Poland) and Cologne (Germany) in the period 1961–2010
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