A Selected Bibliography (1959-1979) of Three Southeastern Species of Ips Engraver Beetles

Abstract

Pine trees in the southeastern U. S. are attacked by 5 major species of bark beetles. One is the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, which periodically kills timber in large amounts. On the other hand, 3 species of Ips engraver beetles, I. avulsus (Eichhoff), I. grandicollis (Eichhoff), and Ips calligraphus calligraphus (Germar) (Lanier 1972) and the black turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus terebans (Olivier), vary less in their abundance, but over the years probably kill more timber than the southern pine beetle does (Hetrick 1960). The Ips species also infest freshly cut saw logs and pulpwood, introducing stain fungi that produce additional economic losses (Smith 1959, Koch 1972). Ips beetles are also a serious problem in the naval stores industry because they frequently attack and kill trees treated with paraquat for enhancement of oleoresin yields (Drew 1977).