A Secured Communication in Watermarking using Fast Walsh Hadamard Transformation in Image Processing

Abstract

E-commerce, or electronic commerce, refers to the purchasing and selling of goods and services conducted over electronic systems such as the internet and other computer networks. Consequently, there is a pressing need to bolster the security of data transmission over the internet to accommodate the expansion of e-commerce applications on the World Wide Web. Data encryption and information masking techniques were introduced and developed to secure these applications' data. The creation of digital picture watermarking schemes is the subject of this thesis. Our main emphasis in this thesis is on the advancements made possible by the Fast Walsh Hadamard Transformation (FWHT). The primary result of this study is a proposed method for implementing FWHT in digital image watermarking. If a picture is described at multiple resolutions, its decoding can proceed in stages, starting at a lower resolution and working its way up to a higher one. In order to better analyse an image, the FWHT separates it into high- and low-frequency components. The edge components are described in the high frequency portion, while the low frequency portion is further divided into high and low frequency segments. Since the human visual system is more insensitive to abrupt changes in edge contrast, low frequency components are typically employed for watermarking. Several metrics, including Mean Square Error (MSE), Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), and Structural Similarity Index Metric, were used to compare the efficacy of various watermarking methods (SSIM). The aforesaid analysis forms the basis for applying Level-2 and FWHT to enhance the image quality characteristics. It is determined which of these FWHT produced the best outcomes by comparing the others. The outcome demonstrates that the extracted watermark is just as easy to recognize as the original.