Abstract
Due to the lack of dependency for routing initiation and an inadequate allocated sextant on responding messages, the secure geographic routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have attracted considerable attention. However, the existing protocols are more likely to drop packets when legitimate nodes fail to respond to the routing initiation messages while attackers in the allocated sextant manage to respond. Furthermore, these protocols are designed with inefficient collection window and inadequate verification criteria which may lead to a high number of attacker selections. To prevent the failure to find an appropriate relay node and undesirable packet retransmission, this paper presents Secure Region-Based Geographic Routing Protocol (SRBGR) to increase the probability of selecting the appropriate relay node. By extending the allocated sextant and applying different message contention priorities more legitimate nodes can be admitted in the routing process. Moreover, the paper also proposed the bound collection window for a sufficient collection time and verification cost for both attacker identification and isolation. Extensive simulation experiments have been performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed protocol in comparison with other existing protocols. The results demonstrate that SRBGR increases network performance in terms of the packet delivery ratio and isolates attacks such as Sybil and Black hole.
Highlights
Rapid technological advancement of wireless communication devices and microprocessors have made wireless sensor networks (WSNs) technically and economically possible to be widely used in many real time monitoring applications related to both military and civilian [1, 2]
The results show that the proposed Secure Region-Based Geographic Routing Protocol (SRBGR) adds extra communication overheads and minimum delay, maintains a high packet delivery ratio compared to SIGF and Dynamic Window Secure Implicit Geographic Forwarding (DWSIGF)
SRBGR priority performs better with PDR of 83% compared to the DWSIGF priority with 20% PDR
Summary
Rapid technological advancement of wireless communication devices and microprocessors have made wireless sensor networks (WSNs) technically and economically possible to be widely used in many real time monitoring applications related to both military and civilian [1, 2]. In the presence of multiple attackers in the restricted allocated sextant, one or more attackers may become the first to reply with CTS, and when it is selected to become a relay node, it may drop the data packets transferred to it or perform malicious activities on the data To prevent this kind of attacks, to date several secure routing protocols have been proposed [10,11,12,13,14,15], [9, 16,17,18,19,20]. Dynamic Window Secure Implicit Geographic Forwarding (DWSIGF) protocol [20] is the most recently proposed secure routing approach that guarantees the safety of the selection of relay node in a given restricted (allocated) sextant to route data packets when attackers are in a communication link.
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