Abstract
Blockchain technology has emerged as a novel distributed ledger technology, facilitating data sharing and system management securely and efficiently without interventions from a central authority. However, blockchain technology alone is not suitable for enterprise-class applications, mainly due to the limitations in capacity expansion and verification speed of blockchain systems. This paper proposes a secure and effective construction scheme for blockchain networks to improve performance and address the effective management concerns of blockchain data based on transaction categories. We designed a network link protocol to construct a directed acyclic graph (DAG) blockchain network and used a sharding protocol to divide the DAG blockchain into multiple category shards to process transactions in parallel. We then extensively evaluated our proposed design on local clusters. The experimental results show that our link and shard protocols achieved high throughput and the category-based sharded DAG blockchain demonstrated high scalability.
Highlights
Traditional blockchain with a single chain is characterized by high security and low misoperation rate. is mode largely attributes success to the application of consensus mechanism, which mainly includes Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS)
The Directed acyclic graph (DAG) blockchain adopts the DAG consensus mechanism [19], in which consensus delay reaches the millisecond level under a high transaction arrival rate because it addresses asynchronous communication and concurrent processing concerns [20]. erefore, DAG blockchain is taking the core role in data management technology due to its high performance [21]
Disordered sharding rules can increase transaction costs caused by frequent cross-shard communication since users would have to traverse all shards to locate the latest data state. erefore, we propose dividing the blockchain network nodes into different shards based on transaction categories
Summary
As a concurrent multichain system, each chain in Monoxide has its own account book status, blockchain, a group of unconfirmed transactions, and full nodes (including miners). Beyond that, this network has no other role nor any supernode. Eoretically, if someone can initiate transactions amounting to 51% (POW consensus) or 33% (Practical Byzantine-Fault-Tolerant, namely, PBFT consensus [38]) of the entire network, it would be possible to make invalid transactions effective To solve this problem, Byteball adopts 12 witnesses to generate the “main chain” in DAG by serializing transactions in order to achieve an overall consensus. DPoS can ensure the reasonable operation of blockchain with low energy consumption to substantially reduce the number of nodes participating in the validation and bookkeeping
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