Abstract
Adaptive multi-rate (AMR), a popular audio compression standard, is widely used in mobile communication and mobile Internet applications and has become a novel carrier for hiding information. To improve the statistical security, this paper presents a steganographic scheme in the AMR fixed codebook (FCB) domain based on the pulse distribution model (PDM-AFS), which is obtained from the distribution characteristics of the FCB value in the cover audio. The pulse positions in stego audio are controlled by message encoding and random masking to make the statistical distribution of the FCB parameters close to that of the cover audio. The experimental results show that the statistical security of the proposed scheme is better than that of the existing schemes. Furthermore, the hiding capacity is maintained compared with the existing schemes. The average hiding capacity can reach 2.06 kbps at an audio compression rate of 12.2 kbps, and the auditory concealment is good. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first secure AMR FCB steganographic scheme that improves the statistical security based on the distribution model of the cover audio. This scheme can be extended to other audio compression codecs under the principle of algebraic code excited linear prediction (ACELP), such as G.723.1 and G.729.
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