A search for meaning in life? a model for understanding violent radicalization in Australia

Abstract

Previous research has consistently alluded to the search for meaning as a characteristic feature in the radicalization of seemingly well-integrated young Muslims in western countries. However, what these studies have not examined is whether the search for meaning in life serves as a catalyst for radicalization. This research proposes a novel conceptual model for understanding the homegrown threat of violent extremism in Australia, in particular how neojihadists construct meaning in their violent pursuit. Specifically, the research attempts to demonstrate that radicalization can be reduced to four psychological antecedents of meaning: (a) instability of values, goals and aspirations, (b) ambiguous standards and expectations, (c) competitive and hostile social environments, and (d) limited opportunities and capabilities. These antecedents evoke a plethora of biases, which translate into beliefs that perpetuate extremism, culminating in radical behaviour and even terrorist acts. Hence, the model will demonstrate that attempts to derive meaning, from biased assumptions, will impede the capacity of individuals to forge an enduring sense of meaning overall. As such, some individuals render themselves vulnerable to extreme religious ideologies, which are prescriptive on how to lead a meaningful life. Materials from wiretap recordings of convicted Australian neojihadists, interviews with former Australian neojihadists who have renounced violence, and focus group sessions with Australian Muslims elucidate these biases. With this unique approach, the research seeks to extend the knowledge on violent extremism and generate new insights to better understand the psychological determinants of radicalization. Several provisional implications for countering violent extremism are delineated.