Abstract
The Axion Like Particle (ALP) is a hypothetical pseudo-scalar particle beyond the Standard Model, with a compelling possible connection to dark matter and early universe physics. ALPs can be converted into photons via interactions with magnetic fields in the universe, i.e., the so-called inverse Primakoff effect. In this paper, we propose a novel method to explore ALP-induced photons from X-ray data obtained from the Suzaku satellite, arising from a possible interaction of ALPs with the direction-dependent Earth's magnetic field viewed from the satellite. Suzaku data is suitable for this purpose because its low-altitude Earth orbit result in intrinsically low cosmic-ray background radiation. We study whether the X-ray diffuse background (XDB) spectra estimated from the four deep fields collected over eight years, vary with the integrated Earth's magnetic strength in the direction of each target field at each observation epoch, which amounts to 102 Tm—a value greater than that achieved by terrestrial experiments due to the large coherent length. From the detailed analysis, we did not find evidence of the XDB cofidence level spectra having dependence on the Earth's magnetic strength. We obtained 99% confidence level upper limit on a possible residual contribution to the cosmic X-ray background (CXB) surface brightness to be 1.6× 10−9 ergs s−1cm−2sr−1 normalized at 104 T2 m2 in the 2–6 keV range, which corresponds to 6–15% of the observed CXB brightness, depending on which model of unresolved point sources are used in the interpretation. It is consistent with 80–90% of the CXB now being resolved into point sources.
Highlights
Our study is somewhat similar to Fraser et al, (2014) [7], which claimed a detection of seasonal variations in the XMM-Newton X-ray data
The work claimed that the X-ray flux modulation at a level 4.6 × 10−12 ergs s−1 cm−2 deg−2 in 2–6 keV might be due to a conversion of solar axions by their interaction with the Earth’s magnetic field [ see 8, 9]
We consider a model in which dark matter, which fills up space of the universe, preferentially decays into Axion Like Particle (ALP)
Summary
We describe a mechanism of photon emission from ALPs via the interaction with magnetic fields. At Ea = mφ/2, and Sφ is the column density of dark matter in the line-of-sight direction [11], defined as In this case, the converted photon spectrum is a line emission. Assuming light-mass ALPs, i.e. relativistic ALPs, produced by dark matter decay, a superposition of line spectra over different redshifts leads us to observe a continuum spectrum of ALPs [12, 13]: dN dEa dr √l.o.s. where δD(x) is the Dirac delta function, and the function f (x) is defined as f (x) ≡. Gaγγ is an ALP-photon coupling constant, ma and Ea are mass and energy scales of ALP, and B⊥(x) is the perpendicular component of magnetic field to the ALP momentum direction, denoted as ea. Plugging typical values of the strength and coherent length scale of Earth’s magnetic field, Equation (2.11) gives
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