A screen-printed carbon electrode modified with bismuth nanoparticles and conjugated mesoporous polymer for simultaneous determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in seafood samples

Abstract

A disposable sensor for the simultaneous detection of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions utilizing square wave anodize stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was developed. Bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs) were electrodeposited onto screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE), then conjugated mesoporous polymer (CMP) was dropped to obtain CMP/BiNPs/SPCE. The modified electrode was thoroughly characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV), demonstrating excellent conductivity and a large surface area. Under optimized conditions, the sensor exhibited exceptional response and peak separation. The currents were linear within the concentration range of 1–100 μg L−1 for Pb(II) and Cd(II), with detection limits of 0.1 μg L−1 for Pb(II) and 0.2 μg L−1 for Cd(II) (S/N = 3). The method's effectiveness was successfully demonstrated by simultaneously determining Pb(II) and Cd (II) in seafood samples.