A Scoping Review of the Prevalence and Correlates of Sexual Dysfunction in Adults With Substance use Disorders

Abstract

Substance use may affect sexual functioning in both men and women. Comorbid sexual dysfunction adds to the clinical burden of substance use disorders (SUD). The broad aims were to identify research conduct, types of the available evidence, and research gaps in (i) estimating the incidence, prevalence, type, and severity of sexual dysfunction in adults with SUD; (ii) exploring correlates of sexual dysfunction in SUD. We conducted systematic searches on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase for studies published in the English language between August 1954 and November 2020. We included prospective and cross-sectional observational studies that had examined the prevalence or incidence of any sexual dysfunction in adults of either gender with substance use disorders. Review articles and those with an exclusive focus on tobacco use disorders were excluded. The review was registered in PROSPERO. Our search identified 65 relevant articles, including five prospective studies. All the prospective studies and most of the cross-sectional studies (n=40) were done among men and subjects with alcohol (n=20) and opioid (n=23) use disorders in clinical populations. Substance use and sexual dysfunction were assessed by a wide range of instruments. Prospective studies reported a prevalence of sexual dysfunction at 75% and 61% for alcohol and opioid use disorders, respectively. The prevalence of any sexual dysfunction in cross-sectional studies ranged between 15 and 100 percent. Erectile dysfunction was the most commonly studied and observed sexual dysfunction. Comorbidity and socioeconomic deprivation were consistently associated with a higher occurrence of sexual dysfunctions. We did not limit our review by the type of substances and year of publication. We adhered to the standards of conducting and reporting scoping reviews; hence, our review results should be replicable, transparent, and reliable. The wide clinical and methodological heterogeneity precluded a systematic review. Research gaps exist in women, non-clinical population, stimulants, and cannabis use disorders, and effect of treatment of SUD in sexual functioning. The quality of evidence is poor. Ghosh A, Kathiravan S, Sharma K, Mattoo SK. A Scoping Review of the Prevalence and Correlates of Sexual Dysfunction in Adults With Substance use Disorders. J Sex Med 2022;19:216-233.