Abstract
To assess the effects of virtual reality on patients with musculoskeletal disorders by means of a scoping review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The databases included PubMed, IEEE, and the MEDLINE database. Articles involving RCTs with higher than five points on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale were reviewed for suitability and inclusion. The methodological quality of the included RCT was evaluated using the PEDro scale. The three reviewers extracted relevant information from the included studies. Fourteen RCT articles were included. When compared with simple usual care or other forms of treatment, there was significant pain relief, increased functional capacity, reduced symptoms of the disorder, and increased joint angles for the virtual reality treatment of chronic musculoskeletal disorders. Furthermore, burn patients with acute pain were able to experience a significant therapeutic effect on pain relief. However, virtual reality treatment of patients with non-chronic pain such as total knee replacement, ankle sprains, as well as those who went through very short virtual reality treatments, did not show a significant difference in parameters, as compared with simple usual care and other forms of treatment. Current evidence supports VR treatment as having a significant effect on pain relief, increased joint mobility, or motor function of patients with chronic musculoskeletal disorders. VR seems quite effective in relieving the pain of patients with acute burns as well.
Highlights
Virtual reality (VR) of players using body movement to interact with a computer is a new form of treatment in rehabilitation settings
The study on ankle sprains mentioned that patients with non-repetitive sprains can undergo emergency treatment for 4 weeks without pain followed by VR treatment; this does not belong to the category of chronic pain
One of the articles included in this study showed no significant difference in pain and lumbar spine flexion range of motion (ROM) after comparing 3 days of VR treatment for patients with lower back pain, and patients without VR treatment [23]
Summary
Virtual reality (VR) of players using body movement to interact with a computer is a new form of treatment in rehabilitation settings. It generates a virtual world in three-dimensional space through a computer simulation that stimulates user senses, such as sight and hearing, making users feel as if they are immersed in it. VR has three elements: Interaction, Immersion, and Imagination [1]. It can be used in the teaching of human anatomy, online navigation of museums, 3D game teaching, flight training, and rehabilitation [2]. VR has become a therapeutic tool in many medical and rehabilitation fields. Due to the cost decline and ease of use of this technology, it has become an effective tool and trend in various fields
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