Abstract
Nutrimetabolomics is an emerging field in nutrition research, and it is expected to play a significant role in deciphering the interaction between diet and health. Through the development of omics technology over the last two decades, the definition of food and nutrition has changed from sources of energy and major/micro-nutrients to an essential exposure factor that determines health risks. Furthermore, this new approach has enabled nutrition research to identify dietary biomarkers and to deepen the understanding of metabolic dynamics and the impacts on health risks. However, so far, candidate markers identified by metabolomics have not been clinically applied and more efforts should be made to validate those. To help nutrition researchers better understand the potential of its application, this scoping review outlined the historical transition, recent focuses, and future prospects of the new realm, based on trends in the number of human research articles from the early stage of 2000 to the present of 2019 by searching the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE). Among them, objective dietary assessment, metabolic profiling, and health risk prediction were positioned as three of the principal applications. The continued growth will enable nutrimetabolomics research to contribute to personalized nutrition in the future.
Highlights
Nutrimetabolomics is an emerging field in nutrition research, and it is expected to play a significant role in deciphering the interaction between diet and health as it continues to develop [1,2,3,4,5]
Through the growth of “omics” technology since the beginning of this century, the definition of food and nutrition has changed from sources of energy and macro/micro-nutrients to an essential exposure factor to determine health risks
The study records were identified using the following two groups of search terms: (1) metabolome approaches: “metabolomics” OR “metabonomics”; (2) dietary factors: “nutrition” OR “food” OR “diet” OR “meal” OR “intake” OR “consumption”, and an AND search was performed on the two groups
Summary
Nutrimetabolomics is an emerging field in nutrition research, and it is expected to play a significant role in deciphering the interaction between diet and health as it continues to develop [1,2,3,4,5]. Through the growth of “omics” technology since the beginning of this century, the definition of food and nutrition has changed from sources of energy and macro/micro-nutrients to an essential exposure factor to determine health risks. The concept of “metabonomics” was defined by Nicholson in 1999 [7] as the first method to apply system biology to study the metabolism; that is, “the quantitative measurement of the dynamic multiparametric metabolic response of living systems to pathophysiological stimuli or genetic modification.” Within this concept, “metabolomics” mainly focuses on the metabolic profiling of cells and organs, defined as “the comprehensive analysis of the whole metabolome (all metabolites synthesized by an organism)” by Fiehn in 2002 [8]. The terminology “nutrimetabolomics” was introduced by Zhang et al [9] in their review article as one of the omics techniques to be used in nutritional research
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