Abstract
Bumble bees (Bombus) provide vital services to agricultural and natural plant systems (Kremen et al. 2002; Fontaine et al. 2006). A survey across diverse North American Bombus species detected higher prevalence of infection by the microsporidian parasite Nosema bombi in declining relative to non-declining species, indicating a correlation between Nosema and Bombus population declines (Cameron et al. 2011). Although it has been shown in the laboratory that N. bombi infection is detrimental to the fitness of Bombus terrestris and Bombus lucorum (Otti and Schmid-Hempel 2007; Rutrecht and Brown 2009), much remains unclear regarding N. bombi’s ecology and how it interacts with Bombus in the field.
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