Abstract
Anyone who uses the Internet, wherever they live, is a potential participator. Whether informed or not, individuals participate in creating, collecting, and sharing geographic information. With the introduction of Web 2.0, content creation became a topic of universal interest. Web 2.0, the current state of the Internet, suggests greater user interactivity and user-generated content than its earlier incarnation. In recent years, user-generated spatial content, also known as volunteered geographic information (VGI), has gained popularity. Much of the existing literature explores VGI from a data typology perspective, and few studies consider it as a system. In this study, a vertical approach is employed to showcase the novel challenges of VGI that developers have encountered during the implementation or utilization of a project. First, six facets of VGI, encompassing political, economic, sociocultural, technological, legal, and ethical factors are thoroughly examined. Next, VGI challenges regarding its factors are categorized. Results reveal that most VGI challenges are technological in nature. Thus, drawing more attention to the technical facets of VGI is required. Additionally, establishing a standard for VGI development based on its various factors is necessary.
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