Abstract
This study was designed to test the effectiveness of a primary preventive intervention to strengthen the factors associated with personal and social competencies related to resilience in children that prevents future chemical dependency. The theoretical model was structured social group work that combined social and cognitive elements. The sample included 57 third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade students in three elementary schools; 69 percent were black, Latino, or Asian. In general, the intervention groups performed significantly better than the control groups in cognitive and behavioral areas. Significant increases in internal locus of control, frustration tolerance, and assertive social skills were revealed, as well as a significant decrease in acting-out behavior.
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