Abstract
The surface structure of reduced TiO 2− x (110) has been studied in ultrahigh-vacuum by scanning tunneling microscopy and tunneling spectroscopy. A variety of surface structure types with periodicities larger than the bulk TiO 2 unit cell have been clearly resolved. These periodic structures, which have repeat distances ranging from 3.2 Å to greater than 30 Å, coexist with one another on the reduced surface and have domain sizes of < 1000 Å. Tunneling spectra acquired from this surface show the bulk conduction band edge 0.5 eV above the Fermi level and a bandgap greater than 2.5 eV. These observations are compared to a surface structure model that assumes the presence of varying concentrations of bulk crystallographic shear plane defects that accommodate non-stoichiometry in this material.
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