Abstract
A scalar equation is derived for η, the distance between two structureless test particles falling freely in a gravitational field: urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm427949:ijmm427949-math-0001 . An amplitude, frequency and a phase are defined for the relative motion. The phases are classed as elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic according as urn:x-wiley:01611712:media:ijmm427949:ijmm427949-math-0002 In elliptic phases we deduce a positive definite relative energy E and a phase‐shift theorem. The relevance of the phase‐shift theorem to gravitational plane waves is discussed.
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