A saturação de gluons em futuros aceleradores

Abstract

In this thesis we make predictions for the behavior of observables that will be measured in future particle colliders and also at the LHC. We address three di erent types of collisions: electron-ion (eA), photon-photon (γγ) and proton-nucleus (pA). For eA processes we calculate the vector meson and real photon production cross section using the saturation models rcBK and b-CGC. We observe that only the production of heavy mesons will be useful to determine which saturation model correctly describes the dipole-proton interaction. For the γγ process we calculate the total cross section as well as the photon structure function. We propose a new saturation model for the interaction between two color dipoles and we compare its predictions with those of other models available in the literature. We observe that our model predicts a much smoother growth of the observables than the other models. As for pA collisions, we calculate the cross section of charm and bottom production at LHC energies. We observe that charm production is very sensitive to saturation e ects as well as to nuclear shadowing e ects. Therefore, this observable can be useful to determine the dynamics of QCD at high energies, as well as the magnitude of the shadowing. On the other hand, only the bottom production cross section is sensitive to antishadowing e ect.