Abstract
In this work, a portable paddle stirrer platform for solid-phase extraction of chlorophenols, p-nitrophenol, and bisphenol A is presented. These compounds are important environmental pollutants and toxic inhibitors of the anaerobic treatment of wastewater. The platform integrates 3D-printed paddle stirrers coated with the metal-organic framework MIL-100(Fe), which is prepared in 10 min using a green microwave-assisted synthesis. This coated stirrer serves as an adsorbent for the preconcentration of phenols. The device is assembled with an electric motor that agitates the sample in a sample container. The sampler can be used for in-situ extraction of the analytes, eliminating the need for transporting samples to the laboratory. The analytes are eluted through ultrasonic desorption before analysis by HPLC-DAD. An exhaustive study of the stirring and extraction parameters was conducted. Under optimum conditions, the detection limits ranged from 0.3 to 1.7 μg L−1, and the precision, expressed as the relative standard deviation, showed intraday and interday ranges of 1.2–5.1% and 4.5–6.8%, respectively. The accuracy was evaluated using spiked samples of wastewater effluent and biodigester supernatant, and it provided relative recoveries in the range of 91.5–108.5%.
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