A sampling method for calculating regional ship emission inventories

Xin Peng,Yuanqiao Wen,Lichuan Wu,Changshi Xiao,Chunhui Zhou,Dong Han

doi:10.1016/j.trd.2020.102617

Xin Peng, Yuanqiao Wen + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102617

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Abstract

In this study, we propose a sampling method for calculating ship exhaust emission inventories, which reduces the uncertainties induced by missing ship static data in traditional methods. The stratified random sampling method is utilized to take sample ships based on the ship density, ship type, and main engine power. The exhaust emissions from sample ship are calculated using an activity-based method with 1 s temporal resolution AIS (Automatic Identification System) data. Then the regional ship exhaust emissions are estimated based on the sampling relationship. Sensitivity experiments show that the relative error of the proposed method decreases quickly with the sampling ratio (the ratio between the number of sampled ships and total ships) and it is less than 3.5% when the sampling ratio is higher than 10%. The method is used to estimate the inventories of ship exhaust emissions in the Yangtze river, which can improve the computational accuracy of ship emissions.

Highlights

Shipping is an important part of transportation, accounting for 80% of the world’s traded goods by volume (UNCTAD, 2019)
Air pollutants from ship emissions include sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide (NOX), particulate matter (PM), black carbon (BC), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) (Corbett and Fischbeck, 1997), which can spread from oceans to land through sea breeze and cause environmental and health issues (Liu et al, 2016; Zhang et al, 2019a,b,c; Striebig et al, 2019)
We proposed the emission factor (EF) of the Yangtze River for 2018 referencing the previous studies (ICF International, 2009; Goldsworthy and Gold sworthy, 2015; International Maritime Organization (IMO), 2015; Xu et al, 2019), taking the FSC of ship’s fuel into account

Summary

Introduction

Shipping is an important part of transportation, accounting for 80% of the world’s traded goods by volume (UNCTAD, 2019). Air pollutants from ship emissions include sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide (NOX), particulate matter (PM), black carbon (BC), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) (Corbett and Fischbeck, 1997), which can spread from oceans to land through sea breeze and cause environmental and health issues (Liu et al, 2016; Zhang et al, 2019a,b,c; Striebig et al, 2019). In order to reduce ship exhaust emissions, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and governments have introduced some policies for limiting the SOX (Sulphur Oxide) and NOX emissions from ships (IMO, 1997; IMO, 2016a; IMO, 2016b; IMO, 2016c; Buhaug et al, 2009; Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China, 2019, 2020). Detailed ship exhaust emission inventories can provide a scientific base to make regulations for limiting ship emissions.

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