A Safe and Effective Consecutive-Infusion Regimen for Rapid Quinine Loading in Severe Falciparum Malaria

Abstract

Recommended initial treatment of severe chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria consists of a 4-h loading infusion of 20 mg of quinine dihydrochloride (salt)/kg of body weight. To achieve and maintain therapeutic blood quinine concentrations (10 mg/l) safely and rapidly, a consecutive-infusion regimen (7 mg of salt/kg of body weight over 30 min followed by 10 mg of salt/kg of body weight over 4 h) based on pharmacokinetic parameters in cerebral malaria has been suggested. This regimen was evaluated in 16 adults (6 male, 10 female; mean age, 25.9 years) with severe falciparum malaria. Plasma quinine concentrations (mean +/- SE) were 8.7 +/- 1.2 mg/l at 30 min and 11.0 +/- 1.8 mg/l at 4.5 h. There was no electrocardiographic evidence of serious cardiotoxicity during the 4.5-h infusion period, and systolic blood pressure fell by greater than 10 mm Hg in only one patient. Parasite clearance in 13 surviving patients (median count on admission, 438 x 10(3)/microliters; range, 500-122 x 10(4) took an average of 71 h (range, 9-115). This regimen is safe, effective, and suitable for use in an intensive care unit.