Abstract
Cells internalize proteins and lipids in the plasma membrane (PM) and solutes in the extracellular space by endocytosis. The removal of PM by endocytosis is constantly balanced by the replenishment of proteins and lipids to PM through recycling pathway. Recycling endosomes (REs) are specific subsets of endosomes. Besides the established role of REs in recycling pathway, recent studies have revealed unanticipated roles of REs in membrane traffic and cell signalling. In this review, we highlight these emerging issues, with a particular focus on phosphatidylserine (PS), a phospholipid that is highly enriched in the cytosolic leaflet of RE membranes. We also discuss the pathogenesis of Hermansky Pudlak syndrome type 2 (HPS2) that arises from mutations in the AP3B1 gene, from the point of view of dysregulated RE functions.
Highlights
Cells internalize proteins and lipids in the plasma membrane (PM) and solutes in the extracellular space by endocytosis
We summarize the role of PS in Recycling endosomes (REs) functions and discuss the pathogenesis of Hermansky Pudlak syndrome type 2 (HPS2) from the point of view of dysregulated PS/RE functions
The rescue experiments with siRNA-resistant ATP8A1 E191Q showed that ATPase activity of ATP8A1 was required for the recycling of Tfn from REs. These results suggested that PS in the cytosolic leaflet of RE membranes was essential for membrane traffic that passes through REs
Summary
Junya Hasegawa†‡, Yasunori Uchida†‡, Kojiro Mukai†‡, Shoken Lee‡, Tatsuyuki Matsudaira‡ and Tomohiko Taguchi *†. Cells internalize proteins and lipids in the plasma membrane (PM) and solutes in the extracellular space by endocytosis. The removal of PM by endocytosis is constantly balanced by the replenishment of proteins and lipids to PM through recycling pathway. Recycling endosomes (REs) are specific subsets of endosomes. Besides the established role of REs in recycling pathway, recent studies have revealed unanticipated roles of REs in membrane traffic and cell signalling. We highlight these emerging issues, with a particular focus on phosphatidylserine (PS), a phospholipid that is highly enriched in the cytosolic leaflet of RE membranes. We discuss the pathogenesis of Hermansky Pudlak syndrome type 2 (HPS2) that arises from mutations in the AP3B1 gene, from the point of view of dysregulated RE functions
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