Abstract
Exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by probiotics may play an important role in gastrointestinal disease prevention, including ulcerative colitis. However, there is no literature reporting on the intervention effects of purified EPS. The aim of this study was to investigate the alleviating effect of the purified EPS produced by Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A01 on murine model of colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). A water-soluble heteropolysaccharide (EPS-1) isolated from MN-BM-A01 was composed of rhamnose, glucose, galactose, and mannose in a molar ratio of 12.9:26.0:60.9:0.25, with molecular weight of 4.23 × 105 Da. After EPS-1 administration, the disease severity of mouse colitis was significantly alleviated, mainly manifesting as the decrease of disease activity index and mitigated colonic epithelial cell injury. Meanwhile, pro-inflammatory cytokines levels (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interferon-γ) were significantly suppressed, the reduced expressions of tight junction protein (claudin-1, occludin, and E-canherin) were counteracted. In addition, the results in vitro showed that EPS-1 protected intestinal barrier integrity from the disruption by lipopolysaccharide in Caco-2 monolayer, increased expression of tight junction and alleviated pro-inflammatory response. Collectively, our study confirmed the protective effects of purified EPS produced by Streptococcus thermophilus on acute colitis via alleviating intestinal inflammation and improving mucosal barrier function.
Highlights
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a set of complicated chronic inflammatory and ulceration conditions of the colonic mucosa, accompanied by clinical symptoms such as diarrhea, rectal bleeding, body weight loss, and abdominal pain [1]
The molecular mass of the EPS-1 was determined by gel-permeation chromatography (GPC, Figure 1B)
To understand the mechanism that underlies the alleviation of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice after treatment with EPS-1, we examined the levels of Th1 pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) in colon tissues
Summary
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a set of complicated chronic inflammatory and ulceration conditions of the colonic mucosa, accompanied by clinical symptoms such as diarrhea, rectal bleeding, body weight loss, and abdominal pain [1]. UC is easy to relapse and difficult to permanently cure. Epidemiological data revealed that the incidence of UC has been significantly increasing over the past two decades [2]. A lack of effective strategy was the most important cause of high morbidity. While the precise mechanism of UC is still unclear, there is no doubt that intestinal mucosal barrier dysregulation and increased paracellular permeability play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Molecules 2019, 24, 513; doi:10.3390/molecules24030513 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
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