Abstract
Experiments conducted on selected minerals and headwater lake sediments showed that major acid neutralization reactions above pH 4.5 were reactions releasing Ca2+ and Mg2+ from the sediments. Analysis of the sediments and water from 97 headwater lakes in northern Ontario showed a predictable decrease in the exchangeable Ca+ Mg2+ of the sediments with decreasing lakewater pH. Estimates of the total potential buffering capacity for the sediments above PH 4.5 and for water in these headwater lakes were made, and it was found that, even when only the top 1 cm of sediment is considered, a substantial sediment buffering reserve is available.
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