Abstract
With the expected increase in data traffic (e.g., video) and in the user devices generating new traffic (e.g., device-to-device communication, Internet of Things, etc.), the evolution of next-generation mobile networks (e.g., 5G networks) has gone towards heterogeneous deployments where multiple small cells coexist in the same area covered by a macro base station. To reduce the capital expenses in the network, a wireless mesh can be used, which is made of millimeter-wave links that route the data traffic of the mobile users inside the backhaul network. Such an increase in the number of deployed base stations inevitably increases the power consumption; hence, the operating expenses and the CO2 consumption also increase. To achieve greener mobile communications, sleep-mode strategies have been considered in order to switch off the unused network components. However, the switching on/off should be made according to the traffic demanded by the users and with the aim of guaranteeing the demanded service at any time. Given that the traffic demand and networking traffic fluctuate over time at each location, we propose a robust mixed integer linear problem that jointly solves the user association, the backhaul routing paths in the wireless mesh and the switching off of the unused links with the aim of minimizing the power consumption. The robust strategy is based on the $\Gamma $ -robust approach and is able to guarantee the user demand while taking into account its intrinsic variability. A thorough evaluation has been performed in order to analyze the impact of the robust strategy on the network performance.
Highlights
The use of mobile and wireless communications has been growing in the last decades, making it easier to develop several new services including the Internet of Things (IoT), e-health, smart cities, autonomous driving, etc
This paper focuses on a meshed heterogeneous networks (HetNets) where multiple base stations (BSs) may act as aggregators and route the data towards the core network; different from the previous works, the users’ demand is allowed to deviate from the nominal value and the proposed robust mixed integer linear program (MILP) still guarantees feasible solutions to the optimal user association, backhaul routing and switching off in 5G HetNets
EVALUATION Our model has been tested using a scenario with 17 BSs, which are composed of 1 eNB and 16 small cells, as depicted in Fig. 2; the SCs are grouped in two clusters inside the coverage area of the eNB (500 m radius),1 according to the specifications by 3GPP [23]
Summary
The use of mobile and wireless communications has been growing in the last decades, making it easier to develop several new services including the Internet of Things (IoT), e-health, smart cities, autonomous driving, etc. This work provides a robust formulation for the joint optimization of the user association, backhaul routing and on/off strategies, aiming to reduce the total power consumption in a 5G network while guaranteeing that the user needs are met. To this end, the robust approach from [13] is applied to the MILP presented in [10], and the solution is protected against variability in the demand of a given number of users.
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