Abstract
In recent years, integration of electric vehicles (EVs) has increased dramatically due to their lower carbon emissions and reduced fossil fuel dependency. However, charging EVs could have significant impacts on the electrical grid. One promising method for mitigating these impacts is the use of renewable energy systems. Renewable energy systems can also be useful for charging EVs where there is no local grid. This paper proposes a new strategy for designing a renewable energy charging station consisting of wind turbines, a photovoltaic system, and an energy storage system to avoid the use of diesel generators in remote communities. The objective function is considered to be the minimization of the total net present cost, including energy production, components setup, and financial viability. The proposed approach, using stochastic modeling, can also guarantee profitable operation of EVs and reasonable effects on renewable energy sizing, narrowing the gap between real-life daily operation patterns and the design stage. The proposed strategy should enhance the efficiency of conventional EV charging stations. The key point of this study is the efficient use of excess electricity. The infrastructure of the charging station is optimized and modeled.
Highlights
Renewable energy systems used as charging stations for electric vehicles (EVs) have become a major research issue; it is reported that the number of EVs in use is more than 2 million globally [1]
We considered a direct current (DC) charging station for a smart home, where external battery chargers are used for fast charging and depleted batteries are exchanged for charged ones to power the EVs over a short period
The eTuk [23] is a small electric vehicle developed by the Tuktuk Factory
Summary
Renewable energy systems used as charging stations for electric vehicles (EVs) have become a major research issue; it is reported that the number of EVs in use is more than 2 million globally [1]. EVs where local power is not available is integrating renewable energy systems with the charging infrastructure [2]. This will further decrease charging costs as well as emissions [3]. The fundamental drawback of renewable energies is fluctuations in power output, especially in photovoltaic (PV) systems [5]. It is essential to mitigate fluctuations in renewable energy output power. An ESS can smooth variations in renewable energy power output over a desired time horizon [6]
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