Abstract
Alterations in the substantia nigra are strongly associated with Parkinson’s disease. However, due to low contrast and partial volume effects present in typical MRI images, the substantia nigra is not of sufficient size to obtain a reliable segmentation for region-of-interest based analysis. To combat this problem, the approach proposed here offers a method to investigate and reveal changes in quantitative MRI parameters in the vicinity of substantia nigra without any a priori delineation. This approach uses an alternative method of statistical, voxel-based analysis of quantitative maps and was tested on 18 patients and 15 healthy controls using a well-established, quantitative free water mapping protocol. It was possible to reveal the topology and the location of pathological changes in the substantia nigra and its vicinity. Moreover, a decrease in free water content, T1 and T2* in the vicinity of substantia nigra was indicated in the Parkinson’s disease patients compared to the healthy controls. These findings reflect a disruption of grey matter and iron accumulation, which is known to lead to neurodegeneration. Consequently, the proposed method demonstrates an increased sensitivity for the detection of pathological changes—even in small regions—and can facilitate disease monitoring via quantitative MR parameters.
Highlights
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with rising incidence due to an ageing population [1, 2]
Assuming that the region of the substantia nigra (SN) is affected by PD and that the pathological changes are reflected in the quantitative MR parameters, the voxel-wise statistical approach presented here was able to identify the pathological regions
A new approach is introduced which was able to demonstrate the decrease in all measured quantitative parameters; T1, T2 and free water content (FW), in the clusters of voxels reflecting the shape and the location of the pathological region
Summary
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with rising incidence due to an ageing population [1, 2].
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