A robust hybrid model with low energy consumption for biosensor nano-networks

Abstract

The biosensor nano-network consists of mobile nano-nodes, nano-routers and micro-gateways in various levels of hierarchy. In the human body, the energy is harvested by the nano-devices by transforming various forms of energy into electrical energy. Simultaneously, the energy is consumed to collect and transmit data to the external network. So, a proper balance between energy harvesting and energy consumption is required. The current multi-path routing enables data flooding, using energy from numerous redundant nodes along the path. Whereas, single-path routing has the drawback of packet loss. In this article, we propose a hybrid model with low energy consumption and minimal packet loss. We grouped the nano-nodes into clusters by which the redundancy is avoided to a great extent. The nano-nodes communicate with a cluster primary node using a Lightweight Secure Directed Diffusion multi-path protocol, and the primary nodes communicate with the nano-router using Energy Conserving Routing single-path protocol at the layer-1 of our model. In the conventional models, the micro-gateway communication with the nano-routers created energy irregularities. So, we come up with a query routing protocol at the layer-2 that chooses a particular nano-router for communication with the micro-gateway. As a result, the energy consumption at the micro-gateway is decreased.