Abstract
The optimal engine operating zone of energy management plays an important role in the fuel economy improvement of Plug-in hybrid electric buses. However, the existing investigations usually design the engine operating zone by experience. This paper proposes a robust design method for the robust and optimal design of the engine operating zone. Firstly, a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC)-based energy management together with a single-point preview SOC (state of charge) plan method is designed. Then, a Taguchi robust design model is designed to find the optimal engine operating zone by taking the energy management as underlying solving module. Particularly, the noises of driving cycles and stochastic vehicle mass are considered to improve the robust performance of the engine operating zone. Finally, The Monte Carlo Simulation is deployed to verify the robustness and optimal performances of the designed engine operating zone. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is beneficial to the fuel economy improvement, where the fuel economy can be averagely improved by 9.10% compared with the experienced designed engine operating zone, and can be averagely improved by 16.34% compared with the rule-based energy management strategy.
Highlights
With the increasing energy crisis and environmental pollution problems, many countries have launched relevant policies to promote the development of new energy vehicle [1], [2]
Analyzing the reliability of the designed engine operating zone based on above calculation results, once the robustness is satisfied, the robust engine operating zone can be employed in the nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC)-based energy management; otherwise, it needs to be redesigned by the TRD
1) The MCS reliable verification is deployed to verify the designed engine operating zone based on TRD, whose results demonstrate that the designed engine operating zone is reliable and robust, while there is still a 1% probability of failure
Summary
With the increasing energy crisis and environmental pollution problems, many countries have launched relevant policies to promote the development of new energy vehicle [1], [2]. Y. Liu et al.: Robust Design Method for Optimal Engine Operating Zone Design of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Bus. Solouk et al presented a Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle (PMP)-based energy management, where the fuel economy of the vehicle can be greatly improved, because the engine operating points can be located in an efficient zone [13]. This paper exclusively proposes a robust design method for the robust and optimal design of the engine operating zone of a Plug-in hybrid electric bus (PHEB), by considering the noises of the driving cycles and stochastic. 2) A Taguchi robust design (TRD) method is proposed for the robust and optimal design of the engine operating zone in consideration of the noises of driving cycles and stochastic vehicle mass. The slope is not considered in this paper, so θ is 0;, CD, A and v denote the air resistance coefficient, windward area and velocity of the vehicle, respectively;δ denotes the conversion coefficient of rotating mass; r denotes the radius of the wheel; mv and mp denote the empty vehicle mass and the passenger mass, respectively
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