Abstract
In a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) where Mobile Nodes (MNs) self-organize to ensure the communication over radio links, routing protocols clearly play a significant role. In future MANETs, protocols should provide routing under full mobility, power constraints, fast time-varying channels, and nodes subject to high loading. In this article, a novel robust routing protocol, named distributed X-layer fastest path (DXFP), is proposed. The protocol is based on a cross-layer metric which is robust against the time-variations of the network as far as topology (mobility), congestion of the nodes and channel quality (fading, power constraints) are concerned. All these features are integrated in a single physical cost, i.e., the network crossing time, which has to be minimized. Furthermore, several routes from source to destination are stored for a given data flow to efficiently face the disconnections which frequently occur in MANETs. It is shown that the DXFP protocol, though locally operating in a fully distributed way within the MNs, provides, for each data flow, the optimum routes according to the considered metric. The DXFP protocol has been compared with two of the most commonly used routing protocols for MANETs, i.e., dynamic source routing and ad hoc on-demand distance vector, showing significant improvements in performance and robustness.
Highlights
Wireless ad hoc networks are typically seen as networks without a fixed infrastructure, where the mobile terminals cooperate to assure the correct work flow of the network communications [1]
A routing metric based only on the number of hops, is not able to take into account all the features of the future mobile terminals operating in ad hoc networks
For distributed X-layer fastest path (DXFP), a node i receives in finite time all replies relative to the paths which have the same length N − k − 1, the nodes l ∈ V(i) from which node i receives replies (RREP) form the set Lk+1(i) and it is easy to see that the operations carried out by the DXFP procedure are equivalent to the cycle described above
Summary
Wireless ad hoc networks are typically seen as networks without a fixed infrastructure, where the mobile terminals cooperate to assure the correct work flow of the network communications [1]. The ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) protocol [7,8] was designed This protocol uses a routing table and performs better than DSR, but is more difficult to implement because it uses advanced features like timers, sequence numbers, and. A routing metric based only on the number of hops, is not able to take into account all the features of the future mobile terminals operating in ad hoc networks. Simulation results show that the proposed DXFP protocol outperforms the most commonly used protocols DSR and AODV, especially in scenarios with congestions and mobile nodes in a low channel quality environment.
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