A risk-based dispatchable distributed generation unit and tie line planning framework to improve the resilience of distribution systems

Abstract

Due to the increasing global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions, it is anticipated that the number and severity of natural disasters such as hurricanes, wildfires, and floods will increase in the coming years. In this regard, this paper presents a planning framework for distribution systems to improve their resilience against natural disasters. A mathematical model is developed to simultaneously determine the optimal locations of tie lines and dispatchable distributed generation (DDG) units. Two different types of faults, i.e., open circuit and short circuit faults, are considered in the planning model to better simulate the natural disasters. Presence of renewable DGs including photovoltaic cells (PVs) and wind turbine (WTs), as well as energy storage systems (ESSs) are also considered. The conditional value at risk (CVaR) which is a well-known risk index is used to manage the system risk. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model, which can be solved using various commercial solvers and achieve the global optimal solution. Finally, to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model on improving the resilience of distribution systems and manage the system risk, it is implemented on IEEE 33 bus test system using various case studies and sensitivity analyses.