Abstract
Sowing and transplanting dates are important cultivation factors for rice production. Therefore, the present study focused on developing a rice model system that would be able to determine sowing and transplanting dates for diverse cultivars and planting methods in different agro-ecological zones. Different model parameters were integrated into a rice model system on the basis of their interaction effects in this study. The results showed that sowing and transplanting dates designed by the rice model system were approached to the planting dates recommended by local agricultural experts for high yield practices, with root mean squared error (RMSE) of 5.3 to 14.74 days. The model system accurately simulated suitable sowing and transplanting dates under most scenarios with relatively low RMSE, high linear correlation coefficient (R2), and model efficiency (EF). Using the model system recommendations, rice yield under manual transplanting in low fertility soil was increased the most (5.5%), while for direct sowing in high fertility soil, yield increase was modest (0.8%). The newly-developed rice model system can act as a technical approach to design suitable sowing and transplanting dates for achieving high yield and effective crop production.
Highlights
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important staple food crop, which feeds more than half of the world’s population [1]
Each rice cultivar is planted across four planting methods, and the planting dates simulated by the model
Modern software engineering and crop simulation models provide an innovative approach to precision rice farming
Summary
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important staple food crop, which feeds more than half of the world’s population [1]. It has been estimated that rice yields need to be increased by about 70% by 2050 to meet the rising global demand for direct human consumption [2]. For a sustainable agro-ecosystem and socio-economic development, it is imperative to maximize the use of existing arable land to increase rice yield while using material and human inputs efficiently [3]. One key strategy to improve grain yield is to adopt innovative cultivation techniques and integrate them into existing growing. Innovations in agronomic practices play an important role in increasing yields and adapting cropping systems to climate change [4]. Management technology innovations are the most effective technical means to increase grain yield in rice while minimizing additional material and human inputs [2]
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