Abstract
The South and Southeast Asian catfish family Chacidae comprises a single genus with two species. Since 1913 ichthyologists have recognized only one species, Chaca chaca, here shown to be restricted to the Ganges-Brahmaputra basin of India and Bangladesh and the Irrawaddy basin of Burma. A second species, C. bankanensis, occurs in the southern Malay Peninsula and Indonesia. The two species differ in relative head size, eye position, distribution of dermal appendages or cirri, presence or absence of minute nasal barbels, numbers of pectoraland procurrent caudal-fin rays, and possibly also in coloration. A sizeable gap between their known distributions occurs in Thailand including the northern Malay Peninsula. The natural history of Chacidae, including their luring or angling behavior, is reviewed.
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