Abstract
A revision of Panicum subg. Dichanthelium sect. Dichanthelium (Poaceae: l'anicoideae: Paniceae) for Mesoamerica, the West Indies, and South America is presented, considering exomorphological, anatomical data and caryological characters. Thirty-seven species and seven varieties of section Dichanthelium of Panicum are recognized from this area. Panicum caparaoense is described as a new species, and Panicum dichotomum var. tenue as a new combination. An anatomical description of section Dichanthelium, with photomicrographs of representative species, is given, together with a key, morphological descriptions, and distribution maps. It is concluded that section Dichanthelium is not sufficiently distinct to be regarded as a separate genus. The taxonomic position of Dichanthelium within Panicum is discussed
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