Abstract
The Metriorrhynchus fauna of the Philippines is revised. All known species are redescribed and seven new species are added: M. isarogensis sp. n., M. menieri sp. n., M. mindanaoensis sp. n., M. newbataanensis sp. n., M. ochii sp. n., M. palawanensis sp. n., and M. takedai sp. n. Additionally, M. yoshioi sp. n. is described from Sulawesi. Xylobanus longissimus Pic, 1922 is trans- ferred to Metriorrhynchus, and Metriorrhynchus pallidus (Dalman in Schoenherr, 1818) is transferred to Leptotrichalus Kleine, 1925. The dispersal routes and speciation of Metriorrhynchus from the Philippines, Sulawesi and the Oriental Region were studied using mtDNA markers. One dispersal event is supposed for establishing of the Greater Sunda Islands fauna and another one for the Philippine fauna. Both faunas underwent speciation in the respective areas and all species show high degree of endemism. The Met- riorrhynchus in Palawan is of Philippine origin in contrast with the tectonic history of Palawan and its connection with Borneo during the last glacial maximum.
Highlights
The Philippine fauna of Lycidae was studied by Kleine (1926) and recently only Microtrichalus Pic, 1921 and Diatrichalus Kleine, 1926 were revised (Bocák, 1998, 2000)
The only difference was in the complete dichotomy and/or polytomy in the M. palawanensis clade
There are not enough morphological data available for construction of separate matrix for phylogenetic analysis, we alternatively mapped morphological characters on the tree inferred from molecular data to assess the congruence level
Summary
The Philippine fauna of Lycidae was studied by Kleine (1926) and recently only Microtrichalus Pic, 1921 and Diatrichalus Kleine, 1926 were revised (Bocák, 1998, 2000). Unlike the continental part of the Oriental Region and the area of the Greater Sunda Islands, the fauna of the Philippines shows a much stronger connection to the Moluccas, Sulawesi and New Guinea as shown by the high proportion of genera dispersed from the Australian Region. With the exception of the Trichalina, the genera Metriorrhynchus Gemminger & Harold, 1869 and Cautiromimus Pic, 1926 are the most prominent representatives of the Australian faunistic element. The genera of Afrotropical origin are represented by Cautires Waterhouse, 1879, Xylobanus Waterhouse, 1879, and Bulenides Waterhouse, 1879 (Bocák, 2002). Kleine (1933) listed in his World Catalogue six species of Metriorrhynchus in the Philippines and adjacent islands. As many similarities are produced by mimicry in the evolution of Lycidae, a surprisingly high number of species remained undiscovered and the number of species in the area was considerably underestimated
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