Abstract
Globally, the pollution prevention goals transposed in the Kyoto Protocol, require sustainable solutions regarding the management of organic waste from both agricultural, and livestock farms. Biogas production by anaerobic digestion of organic wastes and residues provides a range of socio-economic benefits, but also environmental, thus contributing to monitoring the complex relationship between human health and the environment. The European Union policies regarding renewable energy systems (Europe 2020 Strategy – A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth and Green Paper „Towards a European strategy for the security of energy supply“), highlights that the production of renewable energy, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and a sustainable waste management, are essential for sustainable development in the future. In this context, this paper will review aspects of biogas production by anaerobic digestion of organic waste, stages of anaerobic digestion process and concepts of biogas plants used in European countries.
Highlights
The worldwide reductions of conventional energy resources, as well as the restrictive legislation regarding the level of environmental pollution, have created premises for the identification and exploitation of new economic and clean energy sources
Biogas production by anaerobic digestion process is considered to be the optimal treatment for manure, as well as of a wide variety of organic wastes suitable for this purpose, because these substrates are converted into renewable energy and organic fertilizer for agriculture
To allow the efficient use of biogas obtained through anaerobic digestion process, its purification units need to be modernized in order to eliminate a percentage as high of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and water vapor [30]
Summary
The worldwide reductions of conventional energy resources, as well as the restrictive legislation regarding the level of environmental pollution, have created premises for the identification and exploitation of new economic and clean energy sources. Among the fuels from vegetal biomass, biogas has a great importance and can successfully replace fossil fuels for obtaining electricity and heat, but, uses of biogas exist for years in the field of transport [3]. Biogas production by anaerobic digestion process is considered to be the optimal treatment for manure, as well as of a wide variety of organic wastes suitable for this purpose, because these substrates are converted into renewable energy and organic fertilizer for agriculture. Union countries, are produced annually more than 1500 million tons of manure from animals Another agricultural substrate suitable for anaerobic digestion to obtain biogas is represented by energy crops, among which the most common are maize silos and energy grass crops [4 - 6]. This review includes a general discussion on biogas technology, biogas plants concepts and aspects regarding anaerobic digestion process
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