Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a technology that, for a multitude of raw materials, can be used in the production of complex structures. Many of the materials that currently dominate 3D printing (e.g. titanium, steel, plastics, and concrete) have issues with high costs and environmental sustainability. Wood powder is a widely available and renewable lignocellulosic material that, when used as a fibre component, can reduce the cost of 3D printed products. Wood powder in combination with synthetic or natural binders has potential for producing a wide variety of products and for prototyping. The use of natural binders along with wood powder can then enable more sustainable 3D printed products. However, 3D printing is an emerging technology in many applications and more research is needed. This review aims to provide insight into wood powder as a component in 3D printing, properties of resulting products, and the potential for future applications.
Highlights
Interest in 3D printing is on the rise in several fields [1e3]
This review aims to provide an overview of the potential of wood powders in 3D printing
Kariz et al [13] have observed the shrinkage (22 %) of 3D printed object made by wood powder based filament has been higher for using urea formaldehyde (UF) as binding agent in comparison to the shrinkage (17%) of wood powder based 3D printed object made with polyvinyl alcohol (PVAc) binder; the used wood powder content in this study is more or less similar for both types of binding agents
Summary
Threedimensional (3D) printing technology, known as additive manufacturing (AM), is defined as “the manufacturing of solid objects by the deposition of layers of material (such as plastic) in accordance with specifications that are stored and displayed in electronic form as a digital model” [4]. There are currently seven types of 3D printing technologies but only those relevant to wood powder use in previous investigations are presented.
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