Abstract
This paper focuses on the state-of-the-art of unit commitment (UC) and economic dispatch (ED) algorithms suitable for the Italian electricity market. In view of the spread of renewable energy systems (RES), the desired UC algorithm should be able to properly consider the uncertainty affecting key input variables into the formulation of the problem, as well as the different capabilities of dispatched power plants to provide ancillary services (e.g., voltage regulation). The goal of this paper is to resume the developments in UC and ED algorithms which occurred in the last decades, having a particular focus on alternating current (AC) security constrained (SC) approaches and stochastic ones, highlighting the advantages and weakness of each technique. This review is useful for the Italian TSO (Terna) to investigate what is the best solution to formulate a new algorithm to be potentially adopted in the framework of the Italian Ancillary Service Market, striving for an explicit modelization of stochastic variables and voltage constraints. This review is also useful to all system operators (SOs), independently to the market environment in which they operate, because UC algorithms are widely adopted to ensure real-time security of power systems. In conclusion, an SC-UC algorithm which takes into account both stochastic variables and AC formulation does not exist.
Highlights
Balancing electricity supply and demand is starting to become a challenging activity for most of the system operators (SOs) around the globe because of the strong penetration of intermittent renewable energy systems (RES).intermittent RESs are gradually widening the variability of operating conditions, enlarging the related forecast confidence intervals, as well even in the short and very-short predicting horizon
This paper shows the current state of the art about the solutions techniques available to solve the security constrained unit commitment and economic dispatch (SCUCED) problem, considering stochastic variables, in order to manage the strong penetration of the RESs
The authors have compared the features and the limits of most of the algorithms used and proposed in the recent scientific literature, showing how the DCOPF formulation is faster than the ACOPF
Summary
Balancing electricity supply and demand is starting to become a challenging activity for most of the SOs around the globe because of the strong penetration of intermittent RESs. intermittent RESs are gradually widening the variability of operating conditions, enlarging the related forecast confidence intervals, as well even in the short and very-short predicting horizon. Voltage and frequency control is impacted: power plants that are traditionally able to regulate voltage and frequency (mainly thermal units) are less and less committed in the electricity markets, while intermittent RESs are currently unable or only partially unable to deliver such services to the power system. During 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly lowered power system demand, creating similar (even if not exactly the same) conditions that could be expected in the future resulting from a further deployment of distributed RES generation. Bigerna et al [1]
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