Abstract
Significantly, global warming which is caused by CO2 emission and energy shortage are global problems resulting from artificial photosynthesis because it required many functions (light harvesting, Z water, and oxidation scheme). Therefore, photocatalytic systems development for CO2 reduction is germane in this field. Metal complexes molecular catalyst have become prevalent homogeneous catalysts for carbon dioxide (CO2) photocatalytic reduction since it was initially known as CO2 reduction catalysts in the 70s and the 80s, while utmost part involved macrocyclic cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes. This review article presents a broad understanding on some active catalysts recently reported as a metal complex molecular catalytic schemes for CO2 reduction, alongside catalytic activity, stability, selectivity under electro-reduction, and photoreduction circumstances. The progress of in situ spectroelectrochemical methods, typically supported via theoretical calculations, helped to access this know-how by providing information which enabled researchers to acquire more in-depth perception into unveiling the catalytic reaction and mechanisms intermediates.
Highlights
The increasing level of atmospheric CO2 concentration and fossil resources diminishing are sources of global environmental problems, restoring environmental paradigm requires: atmospheric CO2 level monitoring and renewable energy sources exploration for alternative uses CO2 to value-added products[1,2,3]
Metal complexes molecular catalyst have become prevalent homogeneous catalysts for carbon dioxide (CO2) photocatalytic reduction since it was initially known as CO2 reduction catalysts in the 70s and the 80s, while utmost part involved macrocyclic cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes
Most electrochemical reactions are conducted in a pair, indicating that reaction at the anode is paired with a reaction occurring at the cathode in the photoelectrochemical cell (PEC)
Summary
The increasing level of atmospheric CO2 concentration and fossil resources diminishing are sources of global environmental problems, restoring environmental paradigm requires: atmospheric CO2 level monitoring and renewable energy sources exploration for alternative uses CO2 to value-added products[1,2,3]. Original review metals - Cu, Au, Ag, and Zn)[5,6,7,8], metal oxide semiconductors – ZnO, SnO29, 10, metal dichalcogenides – MoS2 and WSe211, 12, and transition-metal-based molecular complexes: Mn-, Fe-, Co-, Ni-, Cu-, Ru-, and Re-based complexes1315, have been utilized for catalyzing electroreduction of CO2 to liquid fuel hydrocarbons It has been widely known and generally accepted that there are three significant steps in photocatalysis: solar light harvesting, charge separation and transportation, and surface reactions. Molecular catalysts attributes must include the ability to store multiple reducing equals over-mediated multielectron/multi-proton transformations essential for catalytic CO2 reduction This can be achieved either by reducing the metal center, which obliges a proficient ligand field to stabilize the reduced metal ions or by lessening the ligand scaffold, with the metal operating as a mediator for electron relay[25,26,27,28]. In the last few decades, remarkable advancement has been achieved both in the electrocatalytic performance optimization as well on mechanistic aspects
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