A Review on the Some Biological Activities of the Hydantoin Derivatives

Abstract

Hydantoin derivatives are commonly used anticonvulsants. In general, they are effective for partial-onset seizures and tonic-clonic seizures, but not for absence seizures. Phenytoin is the most important drug in this group, and other drugs, ethotoin, and mephenytoin, are also commonly used to treat epilepsy. Prodrugs such as derivatives have been created. Phenytoin is effective in some cases of trigeminal neuralgia and related neuralgia. Phenytoin is also used to treat arrhythmias. Hydantoins or glycolylureas are heterocyclic organic compounds with the formula CH2C(O)NHC(O)NH. It is a colorless solid formed by the reaction of glycolic acid and urea. It is an oxidized derivative of imidazolidine. In a more general sense, hydantoins can refer to groups and classes of compounds that share the same ring structure as their parent. For example, phenytoin (see below) has two phenyl groups substituted at the 5th carbon of the hydantoin molecule. Actual chemotherapy for epilepsy dates back to the 1850s when "inorganic bromides" were introduced. However, it is worth noting that around the 1920s, the therapeutic and beneficial use of 'phenobarbital' usheredin an era of meaningful treatment of epilepsy. Hydantoin ring chemistry is the synthesis of rings by various methods and their applications in the medical field. Previous descriptions of hydantoin-containing compounds have broad pharmacological and biological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-immune, antimetabolite, antioxidant, antibacterial, CNS-related, anticonvulsant, antitussive, and cytoprotective activities.
 Keywords: Hydantoin derivatives, anticonvulsants, partial-onset seizures and tonic-clonic seizures