A Review on the Role of Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms with a Brief Focus on its Genetic Aspects.

Abstract

Phosphorus is one of the most vital elements required for plant growth and when humanity is still dealing with the food crisis in several parts of the earth, to provide food for ever-growing population one needs ample amount of fertilizers which helps plants to fill the need of essential nutrients but chemically made fertilizers have several disadvantages and have been proved bane for mankind instead of a boon. Phosphorus is one of the most limiting elements in soil for plants which are essential for its growth and biofertilizers supplementing these essential nutrients are in huge demand. There are several microorganisms that can solubilize insoluble phosphate via various mechanisms, which can be further made effective by strain improvement. The role of Phosphate solubilising bacteria for phytoremediation has been well studied. Several PSB can produce siderophores that is very important to prevent infection of plants from different Microorganisms. There are several genes responsible for solubilising insoluble phosphate which can bring cloned into other microorganisms to get more numbers of phosphate solubilizers which can be effectively done via genetic engineering which we shall be discussing in this paper.