Abstract
Carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes are novel materials derived from the pyrolysis of the polymeric precursors and have a well-developed ultra-microporous structure that can separate small gas pairs with minor difference in diameter, and thus exhibit higher gas permeability and selectivity than polymeric membranes. However, the gas permeability for traditional pure CMS membranes now cannot satisfy the requirements of commercial applications due to their disordered pore structure and high gas molecular diffusion resistance. Incorporating functional materials into membrane precursors to fabricate hybrid CMS membranes has been regarded as an effective way to tune the disordered pore structure of traditional pure CMS membranes, and thus to greatly improve their gas permeability. Many nanoparticles have been tested as the functional foreign materials to fabricate the hybrid CMS membranes with more developed microporous structure and enhanced gas separation performance. This review discusses the hybridized nanoparticle selection and effect of the species, quantities and particle sizes of the foreign materials on CMS membrane characteristics and performance. The function of the materials incorporated inside the hybrid CMS membranes is also analyzed. It is identified that preparation of hybrid CMS membranes provides a simple and convenient route to efficiently improve the trade-off relationship between permeability and selectivity, and to enable the construction of carbon-based composite materials with novel functionalities in membrane science.
Highlights
Carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes, which are derived by the pyrolysis of polymeric precursors under vacuum or inert atmosphere, are novel carbon-based gas separation membranes with a rich ultramicropore structure that can distinguish a gas pair with nearly the same molecule size [1,2,3,4,5,6].Compared to polymeric membranes for gas separation, CMS membranes exhibit outstanding gas separation performance, such as excellent gas selectivity with high gas permeability, chemical and thermal stability
Robeson’s upper bounds proposed in 1991 [101] and 2008 [102] and commercially attractive regions suggested by Zhang et al [26] and Hillock et al [103], which are commonly recognized as convenient approaches to evaluate and exhibit the gas separation performance and commercial applicability of the membranes, were used to evaluate the gas separation performance of hybrid
The gas permeability of CMS membranes is still too low to satisfy the needs of polymeric membranes
Summary
Carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes, which are derived by the pyrolysis of polymeric precursors under vacuum or inert atmosphere, are novel carbon-based gas separation membranes with a rich ultramicropore structure that can distinguish a gas pair with nearly the same molecule size [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Polymeric These precursors withprecursors high carbon residue and good and its derivatives [14,15,16,17,18,19], resins [23,24,25], poly(phthalazinone film-forming property canpoly(furfuryl be used toalcohol) prepare[20,21,22], CMS phenolic membranes [1,2,5,6,14] These polymeric ether sulfone ketone)polyimide [26,27], polyacrylonitrile [28], coal tar pitch [29], cellulose derivatives [30,31], precursors include (PI) and its derivatives [14,15,16,17,18,19], poly(furfuryl alcohol) [20,21,22], and polymer of [23,24,25], intrinsic poly(phthalazinone microporositys (PIMs). The adsorption effect to gas and magnetism of Fe-related particles helped to improve the gas permeability
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