Abstract
The significance of hydrogen fuel and its green production is one of the challenges of recent research. This study focuses on photosensitizers, which is the main component of the photoelectrode in the photoelectrochemical water splitting process as a method to produce hydrogen from a solar source. This review article collects, classifies and reviews all the sensitizers used in recent years. Accordingly, photosensitizers include dyes, quantum dots, metal-organic frameworks, conducting polymers, and chalcogenides, which increase optical current density and visible light absorption. Finally, based on the presented framework for evaluating the toxicity of hydrogen production based on the periodic table and RDI, the toxicity of the sensitizers was evaluated.
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